Kigali – Rwandan Government confirmed on March 24, 2010� that the United Nations granted Rwanda a mandate� to send prison wardens to Haiti.

Source: Kigali: Ibyemezo by�inama y�abaminisitiri yo kuwa 24 Werurwe 2010

Related article:

Why Would Rwanda Send Police To Haiti?

Kigali – Mr William Nkurunziza is appointed Ambassador of Rwanda in India in lieu of fugitive General Kayumba Nyamwasa for which Rwanda has made an application for extradition from South Africa.

35-year-old health worker fears for her life; but Ottawa no longer believes she�s a refugee.

Behind the fine eyeglasses of Charlotte Umutesi lie dark, withdrawn eyes.

The 35-year-old elderly-care worker doesn’t speak much these days. When she does, she says she hardly eats and hardly sleeps, jolted awake night after night by nightmares of her past.

She came to Canada five years ago as a refugee from Rwanda, fleeing a genocidaire she insists killed her husband, sister and parents. She claims the man beat her and sexually assaulted her, and has since attacked her brother after Ms. Umutesi testified against him in a tribunal. She fears he now wants to kill her, too.

� She has the same profile as people who are accepted [for residency], and yet she’s refused. �� Janet Dench, executive director of the Canadian Council for Refugees

�I’m very scared,� she says quietly, wrapped in a coral-coloured scarf and sitting in the Edmonton-area home of her aunt. �They’re going to kill me.�

Canada, however, does not believe Ms. Umutesi and rejected her application to stay in the country. Now, with her legal avenues nearly exhausted and barring intervention from Immigration Minister Jason Kenney, Ms. Umutesi is poised to be the first person to be deported from Canada to Rwanda since its 1994 genocide.

Advocates, spearheaded by the local francophone association, say she is the victim of an arbitrary system of evaluation.

�She has the same profile as people who are accepted [for residency], and yet she’s refused,� says Janet Dench, executive director of the Canadian Council for Refugees. �The result of the whole thing is you get people like Charlotte who draw the short straw, and now the government is spending lots of money to remove her to the benefit of nobody whatsoever.�

Her aunt Nathalie Uwantege, a French teacher, is hoping for a last-minute intervention.

�We want to ask for grace. We want, if possible, to ask for them to review the case. She does not pose a risk to this country. In fact, I think she’s an asset.�

Ms. Umutesi’s Canadian experience began five years ago. She says that on Sept. 16, 2005, she testified at a Rwanda tribunal against a man she identifies as Gakire, whom she accuses of killing her family (the Canadian government doubts the man exists). Twelve days later, �Gakire� broke into her home, beating and raping her, she claims. �He threatened that if I returned to the [trial] he would not just rape me again, but kill me,� she writes in an account provided to her lawyer.

She fled and arrived in Canada five weeks later, having sold her home and store and left her two grown children. She applied for refugee status that day. She has since settled in Edmonton, where she has an apartment and a job, and married a Calgary man.

In 2007, Immigration and Refugee Board judge William Davis ruled that Ms. Umutesi did not qualify for refugee status, citing �serious inconsistencies, contradictions and omission� in her story. He noted in his ruling that she obtained both a medical report and travel visa from a man with the same name, failed to produce documents proving the death of her family and her own injuries, said she mixed up many of her dates. He questioned even whether she was, in fact, a Tutsi, the ethnic group targeted in the genocide, deciding she was only by granting her �the benefit of any doubt which I have.�

�Everything she has said they said is a lie,� Ms. Uwantege says, arguing that her niece has an eighth-grade education and suffered a traumatic experience, leading to the inconsistencies. She says the requests for photos and documentation of the attacks are �absurd.�

�It’s a poor country. Who would think of taking a shot of that? Who even has a camera?� says the teacher, who came to Edmonton in 1996.

Ms. Umutesi then applied for residency under humanitarian and compassionate grounds. She was rejected last November. She might have appealed, but her lawyer said Legal Aid, a funding body for cases involving low-income people, had only paid him to file the initial application. He suggested she ask Legal Aid to find a new lawyer to file an appeal. She didn’t file one.

Ms. Umutesi’s new Ottawa-based lawyer, Jacques Bahimanga, says an appeal would have allowed them to demonstrate the threat he believes she faces. As evidence, the family produces a Rwandan news article, though it is far from being a smoking gun � the source of its material is the family itself, speaking about their concern that Gakire remains free. A printed photo said to be Ms. Umutesi is of another woman.

Last month, Ms. Umutesi received her final rejection, a federal notice saying �you would not be subject to risk of persecution, torture, risk to life or risk of cruel and unusual treatment or punishment� if sent back.

�You must leave Canada immediately.�

Ms. Umutesi’s passport has expired, so she is awaiting a new one from the Rwandan embassy. Once she has it, she’ll be immediately deported. Ms. Umutesi says her last hope of staying in Canada is a direct intervention from Mr. Kenney or for a judge to grant Mr. Bahimanga’s last-minute request for an appeal. A spokesman for Mr. Kenney denied the minister has the power to intervene.

A removal to Rwanda wasn’t possible until recently. Since 1994, Canada had abided by a �Temporary Suspension of Removal� to Rwanda � only dangerous criminals could be sent back to the country. But in July, 2009, the federal government rescinded the TSRs for Rwanda, Liberia and Burundi, citing �improved conditions� there.

Olivia Chow, the federal New Democrat critic for immigration, opposes lifting the TSR for Rwanda at all but said that �even just on humanitarian and compassionate grounds, this woman should be allowed to stay in Canada.�

In a ruling against Ms. Umutesi, the government noted that between 16 and 22 genocide survivors had been murdered last year in Rwanda, many after testifying, but said it couldn’t prove she faced the same fate.

�They’re minimizing the risk,� Ms. Uwantege says. �Even if it was one person [killed,] would you want to go back to be the second?�

[Josh Wingrove - The globe and Mail]

The 54th State: Rwandan President promises �free and fair elections�

�It is our hope that in collaboration with the rest of the Commonwealth family, Rwanda�s efforts in the areas of good governance, private-sector investment and development, democracy, freedoms, and rights, and regional integration, will all be greatly strengthened� – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda, at the Commonwealth’s headquarters on 8 March 2010.

Commonwealth Day 2010 an �important milestone in Rwanda�s transformational journey�, says President Kagame during state visit to Marlborough House

Sixteen years ago, Commonwealth citizens outside of Africa could have been forgiven for knowing little about Rwanda.

The small, rugged East African country had passed through a tumultuous few decades since independence from Belgium and, before that, the fledgling German Empire. Many of the population had been exiled amid a bitter struggle between Hutu and Tutsi. Yet the conflict had rarely made international headlines.

All that changed, notoriously, in the spring of 1994 when the country erupted in violence. Over a hundred days, nearly a million Tutsis and moderate Hutus were butchered by government backed militias. Foreign news agencies sent their teams to cover the unfolding genocide as international peacekeeping efforts foundered. The world couldn�t get enough of Rwanda.

Flag-raising ceremony

Last week, the headlines couldn�t have been more contrasting. In place of bulletins about the bloodletting, there were countless column inches dedicated to the country�s inaugural visit to the Commonwealth Secretariat in London, United Kingdom, as the association�s newest member.

Kagame

�We want the rest of the world to know Rwanda for good reasons.� � Rwanda�s President Paul Kagame.

Less than four months since this once French-speaking nation was accepted by Heads of Government in Trinidad and Tobago, President Paul Kagame witnessed on 8 March 2010 the Rwandan tricolour being hoisted into the air on the grounds of Marlborough House as traditional dancers and drummers braved the brisk winter�s day to perform.

�I was very glad to see the flag – our flag, the country�s flag – being raised,� said Mr Kagame, a onetime rebel leader, speaking to Commonwealth News after the ceremony. �The significance of raising the flag reinforces that we are a member of a very big family.�

Freedoms and rights

So continued a whirlwind 36 hours in London for Mr Kagame as the President was shuttled between meetings with Commonwealth Secretary-General Kamalesh Sharma, luncheon with Queen Elizabeth II as Head of the Commonwealth, and a reception with high commissioners � not forgetting a public lecture with the Royal Commonwealth Society and a business briefing with investors courtesy of the Commonwealth Business Council.

At the morning�s press conference and flag-raising, Mr Kagame shared a platform with Mr Sharma and Patrick Manning, Trinidad and Tobago�s Prime Minister and incumbent Commonwealth Chair-in-Office. But it was the Rwandan President who received the lion�s share of questions from the roomful of camera crews and inquisitive reporters.

�Do you agree that all is not well in the country?� asked one journalist. �I wondered if you could set out for us specifically what you intend to do in order to meet criticisms of failings in the guarantees of human rights and media freedoms in Rwanda?� asked another.

�Committed to the values of the Commonwealth�

Mr Kagame, keen to point out that Rwanda was not alone in having failings, stressed that the benefits stemming from Commonwealth membership could help address them. Rwanda, he added, had made much progress in rebuilding itself since the killings of 1994, when the �freedoms and rights� of Rwandan citizens were abruptly infringed.

�Each family has its own failings, but when they come together, then they share good practices to overcome those failings, and that is why Rwanda sees it as very important to be part of the Commonwealth. There is a lot we are going to gain from it,� he said, adding: �Rwanda is committed to the values of the Commonwealth.�

Sharma

�We are going to have a very dense roadmap of collaboration with Rwanda, in which I myself and the two Deputy Secretaries-General who are present here will be personally engaged in carrying it forward.� � Commonwealth Secretary-General Kamalesh Sharma during press conference on 8 March 2010.

Pledging to take advantage of the Secretariat�s expertise and programmes in youth and education, Mr Kagame, who was elected in 2000, asserted that Commonwealth Day 2010 was an �important milestone in Rwanda�s transformational journey�.

Investment and development

�It is our hope that in collaboration with the rest of the Commonwealth family, Rwanda�s efforts in the areas of good governance, private-sector investment and development, democracy, freedoms, and rights, and regional integration, will all be greatly strengthened,� he said.

Today some 75 per cent of Rwanda�s population is under 30-years-old. Forty per cent were born after the genocide. Statistics show that life expectancy is just 50 years, a modest improvement on the situation in 1970. Seventy-two infants in every 1,000 die prematurely. Meanwhile only 31 in every 1,000 Rwandans have access to the internet.

Yet the country has taken significant strides to deal with the challenges of development and fallout from the genocide. Local gacaca courts have helped communities deal with the dual issues of justice and reconciliation, while legislation on decentralisation and increasing the participation of women in public life has received international praise.

�Rwanda has come a long way,� asserted Mr Kagame. �We now have women having the highest representation in parliament in the whole world, where women are contributing immensely to the social and economic transformation of Rwanda… We have not had this in our history.�

Presidential elections

�We have seen stability, security and the people of Rwanda gaining more confidence than they have ever had in their lives and taking charge of their responsibilities and building their country and moving forward,� he continued. �We are a country that has been realising an average growth of 8 per cent of our GDP for the last seven years.

�We are a country that has seen basic education go to the level of 92 per cent enrolment in the whole country, and we have raised that from a six-year primary-school education to a nine-year basic education. We have seen health insurance covering 87 per cent of our people. We have seen growth in every sector.�

Mr Kagame, who faces presidential elections this coming August, in January invited Secretary-General Sharma to send a Commonwealth Expert Team to monitor the ballot. The President, speaking to Commonwealth News, was quick to insist that he hoped the poll would be �free and fair�.

�Free and fair elections are important to Rwanda, as they are to any country, and we want to see Rwandans make the choices they want in determining who their leaders become,� he said, evidently eager for his new Commonwealth relatives to leave with the impression that the Rwanda of 2010 is a world away from the Rwanda of 1994.

�In respecting that, we want the rest of the world � which does not know much about Rwanda, which knows Rwanda only for bad reasons � to know Rwanda for good reasons.�

[Commonwealth Secretariat]

London – The Rwandan community in the United Kingdom will hold a service to commemorate the victims of the 1994 Genocide.

According to a statement by Rwanda�s High Commissioner to UK, Ernest Rwamucyo, a service will be held on April 7, 2010 at Southwark Cathedral, London Bridge SE1 9DA to honour the victims.

�All Rwandans living in the UK are invited to take part in commemorating and sharing ideas on how they can contribute towards this year�s theme,� the statement reads in part. �Many people tend to think that to commemorate is enough but to do something that can help many lives of people that experienced hard times would help more.� Rwamucyo said in the statement.

Last week, the National Commission to fight against Genocide (CNLG) called on everyone to help those who had not recovered from what they went through during the Genocide.

Here is what the editor Linda Kayitesi of the pro-Rwandan government newspaper ‘The New Times’ writes while welcoming back the FDLR Colonel Rashid Ngoboka:

Welcome back home.

I would like to welcome back home, the head of training in the Rally for Unity and Democracy (RUD-Urunana), a FDLR faction, Colonel Rashid Ngoboka, who was repatriated back home on Tuesday after handing himself over to MONUC. He�s returned with his family and six armed escorts.

Ngoboka, who left Rwanda after the 1994 Genocide against Tutsi as a 2nd Lieutenant, will probably not believe the progress the country has made since he left.

He left this country in shambles and with blood flowing in the streets, but now he�s coming back just in time to cast his vote in democratic elections.

I sincerely hope that his defection will encourage other misguided Rwandans to come home. Instead of living and dying in inhospitable jungles, why can�t you come back to your farms, businesses and families?

Rwanda needs each and every single man and woman to push in the same direction if we are to develop. Come home and lend your muscles to the cause of Rwandan development.

[TNT]

Charlotte Umutesi

Kigali: The French-Canadian Association of Alberta is urging the Canadian federal immigration minister not to deport a woman living in the same province (Edmonton area) who says she will be killed if she returns to Rwanda.

Charlotte Umutesi, 35, fled Rwanda five years ago. She said she left after testifying against the man who killed her family during the 1994 Rwandan Genocide.

She claims that in the days after her testimony, the man beat and raped her, and threatened to kill her if she testified again. Few details about the man are available and the case is just becoming public.

Her request for asylum was rejected by Canadian immigration officials in March 2007.

In January, the Canadian federal government lifted a moratorium on deporting people to countries formerly considered insecure � such as Rwanda.

Two weeks ago, an immigration officer told Umutesi she would be sent back to Rwanda.

“I tell her, I say I’m working � I live in Canada [for] five years,” Umutesi told Canadian Broadcasting Corporation News (CBC).

“Now you tell me to [go to] Africa. I’m scared to go there because the group who killed my husband, my family � it’s dangerous.”

Only hope is ministerial review

Umutesi has been living in Edmonton for two years, working as a caregiver for Alberta Health Services. Her only hope to stay in Canada is a ministerial review.

The French-Canadian Association says there is new evidence and is urging a review of her case. Members of the association met with ministerial officials in Ottawa on Tuesday.

“The people she testified against after the genocide in 2005 are still looking for her,” said Denis Perreaux, executive director of the Alberta chapter of the association.

“It’s published in news reports in Rwanda that they are looking for her specifically.”

Perreaux said the political situation in Rwanda is very volatile because of a fall election, so the decision to lift the deportation moratorium doesn’t make sense.

“I don’t understand why we’re sending people back into this cauldron of conflict,” he said.

A spokesman for the immigration minister told CBC News officials cannot comment on individual cases.

[ARI-RNA]

Victoire Ingabire - challenges Gen. Paul Kagame and RPF

In an open letter addressed to Gen. Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda, the opposition leader Mrs Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza challenges the RPF-led governement in these terms:

Kigali 21st March 2010

OPEN LETTER

To His Excellency Paul KAGAME
President of Rwanda
KIGALI

Excellency Mr. President,

I have the honour to address your high authority so that you may do everything in your power to ensure that all political organizations wishing to participate in the presidential elections scheduled for August 2010 can enjoy and exercise their full rights.

My political organisation, UDF-INKINGI has decided to take part in these elections in order to prove to all political contenders that political change in Rwanda is possible without resorting to violence as it has been the case up to now.

The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) should not shy away from free political competition after holding power for 16 years, especially since it claims having achieved National Unity and Reconciliation and having brought about an unprecedented economic development.

The UDF-Inkingi agreed to comply with applicable laws for the registration of political parties in Rwanda.

It is important that our rights are guaranteed by the Constitution of Rwanda in particular, Articles 11, 16, 33, 35, 36, and statements stipulated in the UN Charter of 26 June 1945; the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of December 10, 1948; the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of December 19, 1966; the International Covenant on Civil Rights and Policies of December 19, 1966; the African Charter on Human Rights and People of June 27, 1981; the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance of January 30, 2007; all of which Rwanda has joined in good faith.

Since my return to the homeland, I am constantly victim of a campaign of vilification, harassment and intimidation orchestrated by public and partisan media, Public Administration and some members of
the government.
You may also know, Your Excellency Mr. President, that I have been assaulted in the offices of the administrative sector of Kinyinya on February 3, 2010. I have been many times summoned to the criminal investigation department for illegal political activities, genocide ideology and alleged contacts with FDLR rebellion. Despite of all those threats, I remain determined to defend my political rights and the rights of every Rwandan citizen, especially when these rights are
guaranteed by the Constitution.

I condemn in the strongest terms the genocide against the Tutsi, and other crimes against humanity committed in Rwanda.
I firmly believe that without compassion or rehabilitation of all victims, without prosecuting the authors of those horrible crimes, there is no chance to fight against impunity and no true reconciliation can be achieved.

I am also accused of alliance with the FDLR. The supporting material for the allegation is mainly based on a UN report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of Congo of November 23,
2009. It is not necessary to repeat that informants voluntarily induced the UN investigators into error by claiming that I have a family relationship with officials of the armed group.
It is indecent to exploit my participation in the meeting of the Intra-Rwandan Dialogue as a proof of my connection to the rebel group because I was invited along other members from different Rwandan organisations and members of your ruling party RPF which the report carefully and intentionally does not mention.
(http://www.veritasrwandaforum.org/dialeg/DIR06_fr.pdf).
The final remarks of this meeting seeking a peaceful solution to the political crisis in Rwanda were read by one of the genocide survivors
attending the meeting (http://www.veritasrwandaforum.org/dialeg/COMMUNIQUE_FINAL_DIALOGUE_INTRA.pdf).
Moreover when the government has made and continues to make contacts with members of the FDLR and has even incorporated some of FDLR generals in its army, one may clearly question the genuine reason behind such a witch-hunt.

As for legal aspects related to my applications to hold the constitutional congress of my political party, the position of the administration to deny the authorisation to convene is baseless.
Sections 18, 19 and 21 of the Constitution leave no shadow of doubt.
I cannot be deprived of my rights based on mere assumptions and facts to which I have not been charged nor convicted (Constitution, Art 19).
It is unusual that a government official, i.e. the Minister of Local Government, Mr. James Musoni, openly violates the law in his remarks aired by the VOA on March 15, 2010 claiming that as long as the police is investigating, there will be no authorisation for the UDF-INKINGI to convene anywhere in Rwanda.
Leave alone the fact that the above mentioned Minister has arrogated excessive powers to authorise political meetings while the Organic Law 16/2003, 27/06/2003 in its Article 5 speaks simply of �prior notice to the administrative authorities in writing� and only mentions the need for prior authorization in cases of public demonstrations (Article 5 paragraph 4).
In an interview with the national radio on March 12, 2010, the Mayor of Nyarugenge (Kigali) added: �We cannot allow them to meet, because we do not know what message they tell the public�, a statement she confirmed to BBC-Kinyarwanda – Kirundi on March 15, 2010. This is a blatant violation of basic constitutional rights of expression and association guaranteed by the Constitution and other legal instruments and international conventions.

The current controversial Organic Law No. 19/2007 of 04/05/2007 modifying and complementing Organic Law n � 16/2003 of 27/06/2003 governing political organizations and politicians gives to the Minister of Local Administration jurisdiction of registration and public meetings of political organizations. It is the highest authority in the hierarchical system and the final decision is within its jurisdiction.
By refusing to UDF-Inkingi permission to hold its founding congress, the minister at the same time blocks the possibility for the party to register as a political party officially recognized because it would fail to specifically prove that it has been duly constituted.
We denounce this blatant abuse of power that violates the Constitution.

Excellency Mr. President,

All the above developments clearly show that the political process without your ultimate intervention and arbitration is derailing. It is your responsibility as guarantor of the Constitution and public institutions to take appropriate measures to ensure that:

- The government, its administration and institutions remain neutral and respect the laws and particularly the Constitution and the Article 29 of Organic Law No. 16/2003 of 27/06/2003;

- All Rwandans enjoy freely their political rights;

- Political parties fully exercise their rights of expression and association (Article 1 Organic Law No.
16/2003 of 27/06/2003);

- As also recognized by the RPF on 18/08/1992 in the Memorandum of Agreement on the rule of law in particular its chapter on democracy, Article 7 stated that both parties recognize that the multi system implies the legitimacy of the existence of a democratic opposition, and consider legitimate aspiration of all Rwandans to gain power by democratic means;

- The opposition parties have the political space that is needed and go toward the population to discuss their social projects;

- The UDF-Inkingi is allowed to hold the Constitutional Congress in accordance with applicable laws and without any further hindrance from the government.

Please accept, Excellency, the President, the assurances of my highest consideration.

Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza
Chair of UDF-Inkingi
Tel : (+250) 078583600 [email protected]
http://www.fdu-rwanda.org � http://www.victoire2010.com

Joseph Ntawangundi, convicted of genocide charges

Kigali: Controversy still mares the Genocide conviction of opposition politician Mr. Ntawangundi Joseph � in that at some stage he is fiercely contesting some charges but also accepting others. A weeklong marathon Gacaca court sitting in eastern Rwanda has sentenced him to a reduced term, but not without provoking more questions.

The drama-filled re-trail of Mr. Ntawangundi, who was an assistant for Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, the United Democratic Forces Inkingi (UDF) chief ended Wednesday evening with a 17-year conviction. The original 2007 conviction was 19 years, and the panel of Gacaca judges did not explain why that had been reduced.

Mr. Ntawangundi�s file stated that he was the Principal of the Agro-veterinary school of Gitwe in Eastern province (EAVE-GITWE) at the time of the Tutsi Genocide and that he organized massacres of Tutsis in the institution. The judges found Mr. Ntawangundi guilty of also taking part in the killings himself.

However, all through the re-trail which started last week, the defendant explained that he never was the head of that school. He added that he was in Sweden during the genocide. Then what could be considered a bombshell, on March 19, he supposedly wrote a letter to the Gacaca panel making a U-Turn.

Amid a surprised crowd intently listening to the proceedings of the final day of the trail, the Gacaca panel said the defendant had accepted the charges, and that he was indeed at the said school during the massacres. Mr. Ntawangundi apparently in the letter also pleaded for forgiveness from the Gacaca panel.

But that was not the end of the case. As required by the Gacaca court system, before sentencing, the defendant is given time to say something. In a soft-spoken tone � like it had been through the trial, Mr. Ntawangundi publicly confirmed that the person mentioned in the case was indeed him.

He also confirmed that he was at the school during the massacres, but added he had worked there for a short time. Mr. Ntawangundi also said he accepts responsibility for genocide crimes committed by his staff.

Around 20 witnesses had testified having seen the accused when the massacres took place. Amongst them, one presented himself as a former student, one said she was Mr. Ntawangundi’s servant and another one asserted she was his former partner. Other confessed killers themselves confirmed that the defendant �worked with us� � meaning killed.

Mr. Ntawangundi also had disowned a woman who claims she has a 15-year old child whom she believes is their child.

However, in his last words before the verdict was read, Mr. Ntawangundi stunned the session when he denied killing anybody using his own hands. Speaking slowly and guardedly, he also denied having supervised anybody doing the killing.

According to him, he had been at the school for a short time and had not known well all the people working there by the time the Genocide started.

In a lengthy presentation of his final defense as about eight of his accusers looked on, Mr. Ntawangangi admitted that he indeed saw some of his staff killing Tutsis but that he had not given them any orders. I did not have any control over the killers, he said.

After the defense of his acts, the Gacaca judges led by Mr. Celestin Turinabo went into a closed-door session which also lasted about two hours to decide on the verdict.

On return, presiding court leader Mr. Turinabo said that Mr. Ntawangundi was guilty of two levels of Genocide � on acts he committed as an individual, and for failing to reign in his staff as they rampaged killing Tutsis. The judge president went through the details of the case and eventually sentenced Mr. Ntawangundi to 17-years.

Though with a reduction of two years from the original sentence in absentia of 19 years, the Gacaca panel did not say why it had reduced the sentence. Speculation remained with those attending the proceedings who suggested that probably Ntawangundi�s letter had played a part.

Now detained in Kibungo’s Central prison, Joseph Ntawangundi was arrested in February on the grounds of a judgment delivered in 2007 by a Gitwe Gacaca court. The tribunal sentenced him in to 19 years in jail for complicity in the mass slaughter. He was allowed to ask for a rehearing trial as he had been judged as he lived in Europe.

Despite standing by her assistant, opposition party chief Ms. Ingabire was recently forced to withdraw her support. In a press release posted on February 8 on the FDU-Inkingi website, Ms. Ingabire claimed that her assistant was not present in Rwanda during the genocide.

The website read: �Joseph Ntawangundi left Rwanda in 1986 for studies in Poland (Wroclaw), returned to Rwanda in 1992 and worked in Kigali (CESTRAL). In 1993, he left Rwanda for ICFTU – AFRO (International Confederation for Free Trade Unions, African Regional Organization, NAIROBI, Kenya) as a Research and Training Officer until 2002. During the genocide, Mr. Joseph Ntawangundi was attending, on behalf of the ICFTU � AFRO, a 2-month training course in Sweden (GANGNEF) and returned to Kenya”.

However, when the situation turned against her version of events, she changed her defense, instead saying Mr. Ntawangundi had not revealed his past to the party.

Following the verdict, the guilty Ntawangundi was taken back to jail and it is not clear if he will appeal because he still has several layers above.

[ARI-RNA]

Photo op Nicolas Sarkozy with Gen. Kagame and his military commanders, all indicted by French Justice for crimes against humanity (feb. 2010)

When Mrs Agathe Habyarimana was arrested in France early this month, her detention opened another chapter in the world’s murkiest political murder mystery.
After spending 16 years in exile as the vulnerable widow of Rwanda’s assassinated Hutu President Juvenal Habyarimana — the first victim of Rwanda’s 1994 holocaust — she was suddenly charged with genocide, complicity in genocide, conspiracy to commit genocide, creation of a criminal gang, murder and public incitement to commit genocide.

Mrs. Habyarimana was held only briefly by French police, on an international warrant issued last year by Rwanda, before being granted bail. But her detention marked a dramatic turning point in the process of assigning blame for the murders of close to a million people.

France’s steadfast refusal to extradite wanted genocide suspects and its disinterest in pursuing them through French courts had long poisoned relations with Rwanda.

In fact, Mrs. Habyarimana was evacuated from Rwanda by French paratroopers just three days after her husband’s plane was shot down by a surface-to-air missile as it approached Kigali airport on April 6, 1994 — an assassination that ignited a frenzy of mass murder resulting in the deaths of between 800,000 and one million Rwandans in just 100 days.

During 16 years, France remained her patron and guardian, while downplaying its own role in the rwandan genocide and deflecting claims that it armed and trained the Rwandan militias that carried out the killings and sent soldiers and arms to support the Rwandan government during the mass murders.

A series of French governments repeatedly refused to arrest Mrs. Habyarimana as a perpetrator of the genocide, but they also repeatedly refused to grant her permanent residency status in France.

As recently as last October, French courts denied her refugee claim, citing serious suspicions she was involved “either as an instigator or accomplice” in the genocide.

But France’s official stand on the Rwandan genocide suddenly shifted last month when French President Nicolas Sarkozy became the first French head of state to visit Rwanda since 1994.

Ending a three-year diplomatic deep freeze and 15 years of acrimony over France’s responsibility for Rwanda’s terror, Mr. Sarkozy offered “to turn an extremely painful page” in relations between the two counties and admitted France made mistakes and “miscalculations” during the genocide.

“What happened here obliges the international community — including France — to reflect on the errors which prevented us from foreseeing, or stopping, this appalling crime,” Mr. Sarkozy said. “Errors of appreciation, political errors were committed here, which had absolutely tragic consequences. What happened here is a defeat for humanity.”

That was a dramatic climb down from previous French positions, in which the government claimed Tutsis rebels, led by Rwanda’s current President Paul Kagame — not France’s Hutu allies — triggered the genocide by shooting down Mr. Habyarimana’s plane.

In 2006, a French investigative judge, Jean-Louis Bruguiere, renowned for tracking down convicted terrorist Carlos the Jackal, indicted Mr. Paul Kagame and nine of his military commanders on charges of complicity in the murder of Mr. Habyarimana and his plane’s French flight crew.

The move infuriated President Kagame, who has always denied the accusation.

He immediately curtailed diplomatic relations with France, expelled French foreign aid workers and replaced French with English in Rwanda’s schools.

He even applied to gain admission to the British Commonwealth. (Rwanda became a member a day before Mr. Sarkozy’s visit to Kigali.)

Mr. Kagame also struck a special commission to investigate France’s involvement in the genocide and asked it “to determine whether to pursue legal action at the International Court of Justice.”

That report, tabled in August 2008, named 33 senior French military and political leaders who the Rwandans said should be prosecuted for crimes against humanity. The list included Mr. Mitterrand, then prime minister Edouard Balladur, former French foreign minister Alain Juppe and his then chief aide, Dominique de Villepin, a former foreign minister and French prime minister and Mr. Sarkozy’s chief political enemy.

Mr. de Villepin was deeply involved in French foreign policy in Rwanda, having been the head of the French foreign ministry’s Africa desk from 1991 to 1992, before becoming Mr. Juppe’s aide during the 1994 genocide.

As relations with Rwanda plunged into the deep freeze under Mr. de Villepin’s prime ministership, Mr. Sarkozy ran for president in 2007 on a promise to renew France’s pride in itself both at home and abroad.

He vowed to renew France’s relationship with Africa and to break with a past critics said was based on arrogant paternalism and long-standing ties with despots. As president, he acted on his promise, paying six visits to Africa in just three years.

As a leader with no personal connection to Rwanda’s tragedy, Mr. Sarkozy had a relatively free hand to seek renewed relations with Rwanda and sent his first official delegation to Kigali to discuss a rapprochement four months after he became president.

It hasn’t hurt that Judge Bruguiere’s case against Mr. Kagame has unravelled, with four crucial witnesses recanting their testimony, claiming it was manipulated or misused by senior French officials determined to indict Rwanda’s Tutsis rebels.

Earlier this month, Mr. Sarkozy’s government introduced a package of legal reforms that include a proposal to scrap France’s politically independent examining magistrates, like Judge Bruguiere, who is now retired.

Included in that reform package is a proposal to set up a special judicial unit in the Paris High Court to deal with charges of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity.

The aim is to consolidate the expertise needed in complicated war crimes cases in one office and “to speed up judicial treatment of war crimes and genocide cases.”

Rwandan genocide survivors have already laid charges against 16 people in France, but none of the cases has ever come to trial.

News of the new war crimes unit broke the same day Mr. Kouchner travelled to Rwanda to make final arrangements for Mr. Sarkozy’s historic visit.

It was no coincidence Rwanda released a new 700-page report on Mr. Habyarimana’s murder just a day after Mr. Kouchner left.

Drawing on two years of research, 600 witnesses and a panel of ‘independent’ British ballistics experts who studied the missile attack on the Rwandan president’s plane, the report concludes Hutu extremists, some of whom were close to Mrs. Habyarimana, killed their own leader to stop him implementing a power-sharing agreement with Tutsis rebels under the Arusha Peace Accords. The murder served as a trigger for the genocide.

Without commenting on the new Rwandan findings, while proceeding with renewed diplomatic relations and moving to arrest Mrs. Habyarimana, France appears to have tacitly accepted Rwanda’s conclusions.

[National Post]